sueden.social

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 9, 1981: The Sandinista government banned all strikes. We’re a workers’ paradise, motherfucker. We don’t need strikes! Yippie!<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/nicaragua" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nicaragua</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/sandinista" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#sandinista</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/socialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#socialism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/repression" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#repression</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 9, 1971: The Attica prison riot began near Buffalo, New York. On September 13, Governor Rockefeller, with President Nixon’s approval, ordered 1,500 National Guardsmen, State Troopers and local cops to storm the prison after negotiations between officials and prisoners broke down, resulting in the deaths of 34 inmates and 9 hostages. All but one of the casualties were killed by law enforcement. During their assault, law enforcement subject prisoners to torture and sexual violence.The prisoners were fighting for better living conditions and political rights, and said that they were treated like beasts. Historian Howard Zinn wrote: “Prisoners spent 14 to 16 hours a day in their cells, their mail was read, their reading material restricted, their visits from families conducted through a mesh screen, their medical care disgraceful, their parole system inequitable, racism everywhere.” The prison was overcrowded. Guards were racist against the majority black (54% of the population) and Puerto Rican (9% of the population) inmates. Meanwhile, many of the inmates at Attica had read the writings of George Jackson, the revolutionary Black Panther who had been murdered by guards at San Quintin Prison, in California, just days prior, and were inspired by him, and his writings, to rise up against their brutal guards.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXgP0lkqPNk" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXgP0lkqPNk</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/prison" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#prison</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#riot</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/murder" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#murder</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/attica" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#attica</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#racism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#police</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#policebrutality</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#BlackMastodon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 9, 1919: Boston police walked off the job during the strike wave that was spreading across the country. The police had affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, prompting the police commissioner to suspend 19 of them for their organizing efforts, and prompting other cops to go on strike. Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge announced that none of the strikers would be rehired and he called in the state police to crush the strike. However, over half of them showed solidarity and refused to work. Coolidge then mustered the state militia and created an entirely new police force made up of unemployed World War I veterans, and Harvard students. The poorly trained “cops” killed 9 people during the strike. But all the blame was placed on the strikers. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson called their strike a crime against civilization. AFL President Samuel Gompers urged the cops, whom he represented, to return to work. The press attacked the striking cops as Bolsheviks. The NY Times wrote: “A policeman has no more right to belong to a union than a soldier or a sailor. He must be ready to obey orders, the orders of his superiors, not those of any outside body. One of his duties is the maintenance of order in the case of strike violence. In such a case, if he is faithful to his union, he may have to be unfaithful to the public, which pays him to protect it.” And ever since, the cops and their “unions” (professional association might be a more appropriate term) have overwhelmingly followed the NYT advice, rarely striking themselves (only about 25 police strikes in the U.S. over the past 100 years) and eagerly attacking other working-class people who are on strike.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#police</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cops" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cops</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/bolshevik" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bolshevik</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/worldwarone" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#worldwarone</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NYTimes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NYTimes</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 9, 1918: Scottish & Anzac troops at the Etaples army base launched a successful five-day mutiny against harsh treatment and bad conditions by attacking the military police and carrying out daily demonstrations. Siegfried Sassoon described the terrible conditions in his poem "Base Details." English writer Vera Brittain described the atmosphere in her book “Testament of Youth.” William Allison and John Fairley wrote about it in their 1978 book, “The Monocled Mutineer.” <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxPinH6yZ3c" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxPinH6yZ3c</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ww1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ww1</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/worldwarone" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#worldwarone</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mutiny" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mutiny</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/poetry" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#poetry</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/poet" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#poet</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 9, 1828: Leo Tolstoy, Russian author and playwright was born. He is most famous for novels like Anna Karina, and War and Peace. He chose the name for the latter after reading French anarchist Proudhon’s publication called War and Peace. Tolstoy also wrote many short stories, an autobiography and many works of nonfiction. After witnessing a public execution in 1857, he wrote: "The truth is that the State is a conspiracy designed not only to exploit, but above all to corrupt its citizens ... Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere." In the 1870s, he experienced a profound spiritual awakening, which led him to become a Christian anarchist and pacifist, and which he wrote about in his non-fiction work Confession (1882). He also wrote about nonviolent resistance in The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894), which influenced Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Wittgenstein. He was repeatedly nominated for Nobel prizes in both literature and peace.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anarchism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pacifism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pacifism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/peace" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#peace</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/tolstoy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#tolstoy</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/gandhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#gandhi</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/martinlutherking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#martinlutherking</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/nobelprize" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nobelprize</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/literature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#literature</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/russia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#russia</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 9, 1739: Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in Britain's mainland North American colonies prior to the American Revolution, erupted near Charleston, South Carolina. A literate Congolese former soldier named Jemmy led the revolt of 60 enslaved people. They killed over 20 white colonists, on their march to Spanish Florida, where freedom had been promised to those fleeing slavery in the British colonies. Over 30 rebels died in battle. Over 20 more were executed in the aftermath.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/slavery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#slavery</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/rebellion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rebellion</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/uprising" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#uprising</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/colonialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#colonialism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/freedom" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#freedom</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BlackMastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#BlackMastodon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 8, 1965: Cesar Chavez led farm workers in California on their first grape boycott. The nationwide protest lasted five years and ended with the first union contract for U.S. farm workers outside of Hawaii. In 1966, Chavez’s organization officially became the United Farm Workers. <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ufw" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ufw</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cesarchavez" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cesarchavez</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/boycott" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#boycott</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/grapes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#grapes</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 8, 1909: The bosses bent to the demands of striking Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World, IWW) in McKees Rock, Pa. They agreed to improved working conditions, a raise of 15% and an end to the “pool system” that gave foremen control over each worker’s pay. It was the Wobbly’s biggest victory to date. The strike started on July 13. The bosses tried to bring in hundreds of scabs, but the strikers shot at the boats, forcing many of them to turn back. Others quietly snuck in by rail. However, many scabs quit or formed their own union after suffering abuses by the bosses, including being held in boxcars against their will and served rotten food. On Sunday, August 22, a shootout occurred between strikers and police and private thugs. 12-26 people died, including 2 state troopers. One of the leaders of the strike was IWW cofounder William Trautman. He later wrote a novel based on the strike called “Riot.” Joe Etter and Big Bill Haywood also helped lead the strike.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#IWW</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wobblies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#wobblies</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pennsylvania" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pennsylvania</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/scabs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#scabs</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#police</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#policebrutality</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/novels" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#novels</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/bigbillhaywood" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bigbillhaywood</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/williamtrautman" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#williamtrautman</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/joeetter" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#joeetter</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 8, 1901: Francisco Ferrer, Spanish anarchist educator, opened the libertarian Escuela Moderna in Barcelona, Spain. It was one of the first schools in Spain to coeducate boys and girls. During Ferrer’s days, the Spanish literacy rate was only 50% and all schools were church-regulated. The teachers at the Church-run schools emphasized rote memorization of Catholic dogma, were hostile to any scientific and political thinking that displeased the Church and often physically brutalized students. In contrast, Modern Schools purged their books of all religion and their curriculum was fully secular. These ideas were so popular that 40 more Modern Schools opened in Barcelona in just a few years, while 80 other schools adopted his textbooks.In 1909, mass protests against Spanish intervention in Morocco grew into a General Strike. The state responded with a week of terror and repression known as “The Tragic Week,” during which they slaughtered over 600 workers. The authorities blamed Ferrer, even though he was nowhere near Barcelona at the time. And they executed him later that year. Ferrer’s execution led to worldwide protests and organizing. Modern Schools started to pop up outside of Spain, inspired by his original Escuela Moderna. After his death, activists created more than 200 Modern Schools in Spain and 20 more in the U.S., one of which continued operating until 1958.By the time of the First World War, Modern Schools were operating in Philadelphia, Detroit, New York, Seattle, Portland, Chicago and Salt Lake City, with more soon to follow in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Boston and Paterson. They taught classes in English, Yiddish, Czech, Italian and Spanish. While most of the Modern Schools lasted only a few years, the school in Stelton, New Jersey. lasted four decades. Some of the students at the original New York Modern School were photographer Man Ray and Margaret Sanger’s son. The last Modern School in America was in Lakewood, New Jersey. It operated from 1933 to 1958. Two of its last students were the Rosenberg’s sons, who attended the Modern School summer camp after their parents were executed.Read my complete article on Francisco Ferrer and the Modern School movement here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2022/04/30/the-modern-school-movement/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2022/04/30/the-modern-school-movement/</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/franciscoferrer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#franciscoferrer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/modernschool" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#modernschool</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/spain" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#spain</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/barcelona" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#barcelona</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anarchism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/students" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#students</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/children" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#children</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/generalstrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#generalstrike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/repression" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#repression</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/protest" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#protest</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/demonstrations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#demonstrations</a>

MikeDunnAuthorBetter yet, how about a world free of capitalism and exploitation?But under current conditions, yes, it's incredibly onerous to have to go into serious debt just to get the training needed for a job that might not even pay enough to support you. Avg college debt in the U.S. is now nearly $29,000 according to data published in Forbes last year.<a href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/student-loans/average-student-loan-debt-statistics/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/advisor/student-loans/average-student-loan-debt-statistics/</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/college" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#college</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/debt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debt</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/university" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#university</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 7, 1992: Troops opened fire on 80,000 nonviolent African National Congress demonstrators, in the Ciskei "homeland" South Africa, murdering 28 in the Bisho Massacre. The protestors were demanding an end to the military government of Brigadier Joshua Gqozo and making the so-called black homeland officially part of South Africa. According to witnesses, no warning was made, nor was there any attempt to use non-lethal methods of dispersing the crowd. Just a few years later, in 1994, with the end of Apartheid, all of the so-called black homelands were re-incorporated back into South Africa.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/southafrica" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#southafrica</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/apartheid" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#apartheid</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anc" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anc</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/africannationalcongress" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#africannationalcongress</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#racism</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 7, 1976: Ian Davies, London social worker, won reinstatement after being demoted. He had been fired for being gay (after being entrapped by an undercover cop who approached him for sex in a public bathroom). His union, NALGO (National and Local Government Officers’ Association), fought and won reinstatement for him, but at a demoted status. So, 25 of his union members staged a wildcat strike, later approved by the union, which won him full reinstatement at his original grade. The struggle for working-class LGBTQ rights in the UK really took off in 1972, with the establishment of gay and lesbian worker branches within NALGO. By 1976, they had won LGBTQ-inclusive policies within NALGO and were publishing their own union newsletter: NALGAY. Homosexuality had only recently been decriminalized in England and Wales (1967). In 1993, NALGO merged with two other unions to form UNISON.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/lgbtq" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lgbtq</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/descrimination" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#descrimination</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/homophobia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#homophobia</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NALGO" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NALGO</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 7, 1977: Workers at Harig India Pvt Limited, in Ghaziabad, India, burned a factory and lynched two finks, with 40,000 going on strike in solidarity with insurgents. The action took place after company guards opened fire on workers who were protesting the suspension of fellow workers and unpaid wages. Workers from near-by factories launched protests in solidarity with the Ghaziabad factory workers, with the support of The Central Indian Trade Union (CITU).<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/india" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#india</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/factory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#factory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/sabotage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#sabotage</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/solidarity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#solidarity</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 7, 1911: French poet, playwright and novelist Guillaume Apollinaire was arrested for stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre Museum. They released him after a week. The crime had actually been committed by his former secretary. Apollinaire was one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century, as well as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism. In fact, he was credited with coining both of these terms, the latter in 1917, with respect to the ballet, Parade, with music by Erik Satie, libretto by Jean Cocteau, and costumes by Pablo Picasso. Apollinaire wrote one of the first Surrealist literary works, the play “The Breasts of Tiresias” (1917). He was admired during his lifetime by the young poets who later formed the nucleus of the Surrealist group (Breton, Aragon, Soupault). Apollinaire died during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/art" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#art</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/poetry" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#poetry</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/theatre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#theatre</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/surrealism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#surrealism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/dada" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dada</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cubism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cubism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/apollinaire" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#apollinaire</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/cocteau" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cocteau</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/picasso" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#picasso</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemic</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/novel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#novel</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 6, 1966: Margaret Sanger died. She was a sex reformer, birth-control advocate, anti-authoritarian socialist, eugenicist. Sanger was famous for popularizing the term "birth control." She also opened the first birth control clinic in the United States and established the organizations that evolved into Planned Parenthood. Her protests, civil disobedience and arrests contributed to court cases that helped legalize contraception in the U.S. Many on the Christian right have targeted her for her role in supporting women’s reproductive rights, yet Sanger was opposed to abortions and, as a nurse, she refused to participate in them. In the early 1910s, Sanger joined the Women's Committee of the New York Socialist party. She also participated in labor actions by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), including the notable 1912 Lawrence textile strike and the 1913 Paterson silk strike. She also became close with many left-wing writers and activists, like John Reed, Upton Sinclair, Mabel Dodge and Emma Goldman. During this period, she saw the toll unwanted pregnancies and back-alley abortions took on poor, working class and immigrant women. And it was at this point that she shifted the focus of her activism toward promoting birth control as a way to prevent abortions and the economic strain of having unwanted pregnancies. In 1914, she launched “The Woman Rebel,” a monthly newsletter with the anarchist slogan, “No Gods, No Masters.” It promoted contraception, with the goal of challenging the federal anti-obscenity laws, which were then used to suppress education and outreach about birth control. In 1916, she opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S., leading to her arrest. In 1921, she founded the American Birth Control League, which later became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. She argued that women who are educated about birth control are the best judge of the time and conditions under which they should have children, and that it is their right to determine whether or not to bear children.After World War I, Sanger increasingly appealed to the social necessity of limiting births among the poor. She was a eugenicist and believed that it was necessary to reduce reproduction of those who were “unfit.” While she defined “fitness” in terms of individual fitness, and not race, she supported restricting immigration, and she was known to “look the other way” when racists spoke in favor of eugenics. She even gave a presentation to the women’s auxiliary of the Ku Klux Klan. And she supported compulsory sterilization for those with cognitive disabilities.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anarchism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/margaretsanger" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#margaretsanger</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/birthcontrol" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#birthcontrol</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/plannedparenthood" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#plannedparenthood</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/abortion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#abortion</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#IWW</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/socialism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#socialism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/civildisobedience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#civildisobedience</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/freespeech" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#freespeech</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/eugenics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#eugenics</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/immigration" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#immigration</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#racism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ableism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ableism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/kkk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#kkk</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 6, 1955: Istanbul launched a government-sponsored pogrom against its Greek minorities, but also attacked Jewish and Armenian residents. Dozens were killed in the ensuing riots. Hundreds of women and boys were raped. Over 1,000 were injured. Damage was estimated at $500 million (equivalent to $5.9 billion in today’s dollars). It came in response to the bombing of the Turkish consulate in Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. The consulate was formerly the house where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who was the founding father of the modern Republic of Turkey. The bomb had actually been planted by a Turk, but the Turkish authorities suppressed this information and promoted the lie that it was done by Greeks. The pogrom contributed to the mass exodus of Greeks from Turkey, whose population declined from 119,822 in 1927 to about 7,000 by 1978.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/turkey" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#turkey</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/greece" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#greece</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/jewish" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#jewish</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/antisemitism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#antisemitism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/racism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#racism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/armenia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#armenia</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pogrom" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pogrom</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#riot</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/rape" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rape</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 6, 1912: Duluth streetcar drivers went on strike. On September 9, riots erupted, with workers stoning scab drivers and battling police in the streets. They overturned street cars and blockaded the streets. A 16-year-old clubbed a cop in the face. 14 were arrested. The workers were mostly Scandinavian immigrants. They were fighting for the right to form a union, and to cut their workday down to 9 hours. During a strike in 1899, Duluth drivers dynamited several streetcars off their tracks.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/streetcar" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#streetcar</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/duluth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#duluth</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Riot" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Riot</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/scabs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#scabs</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#police</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/sabotage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#sabotage</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 6, 1901: Anarchist steelworker Leon Czolgosz assassinated President William McKinley in Buffalo, New York, shooting him twice in the abdomen. A bystander slapped the gun away from Czolgosz and the crowd began to beat him. As McKinley lay on the ground, he told the crowd to go easy on him.Czolgosz was inspired by the regicide of King Umberto of Italy by the anarchist Gaetano Bresci to avenge the hundreds of workers the army killed during the Milan insurrection of 1898. Czolgosz also claimed to be acting in the name of the workers. However, many leading anarchists had repudiated him prior to the assassination, accusing him of being a spy or provocateur because of his reclusive and erratic behavior. The authorities quickly arrested Czolgosz and executed him 7 weeks later.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anarchism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/assassination" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#assassination</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/potus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#potus</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/execution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#execution</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/DeathPenalty" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DeathPenalty</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 6, 1869: The Avondale fire killed 110 miners, including several juveniles under the age of 10. It led to the first mine safety law in Pennsylvania. Avondale is near Plymouth, Pennsylvania. The Susquehanna River flows nearby. The mine had only one entrance, in violation of safety recommendations at the time. In the wake of the fire, thousands of miners joined the new Workingmen’s Benevolent Association, one of the nation’s first large industrial unions (and precursor to the United Mineworkers and the Knights of Labor). The union was ultimately destroyed through infiltration and sabotage by the Pinkertons. My book, “Anywhere But Schuylkill,” opens with this fire. My main character, Mike Doyle, joins the bucket brigade trying to put out the flames shooting out of the mineshaft. You can get a copy of Anywhere But Schuylkill from any of these indie retailers: keplers.com/ <a href="https://www.greenapplebooks.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.greenapplebooks.com/</a> <a href="https://christophersbooks.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://christophersbooks.com/</a> <a href="https://boundtogether.org//" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://boundtogether.org//</a> <a href="https://www.historiumpress.com/michael-dunn" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.historiumpress.com/michael-dunn</a>Or send me $25 via Venmo (@Michael-Dunn-565) and your mailing address, and I will send you a signed copy!<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mining" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mining</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/coal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#coal</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/avondale" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#avondale</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/disaster" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#disaster</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workplacedeaths" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workplacedeaths</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workersafety" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workersafety</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/union" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#union</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/historicalfiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#historicalfiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/novel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#novel</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anywherebutschuylkill" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anywherebutschuylkill</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mining" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mining</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/childlabor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#childlabor</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History September 6, 1860: The founder of Hull House, Jane Addams, was born on this date in 1860. Addams was a peace activist, sociologist and author. She was a co-founder of the ACLU (along with Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, the IWW organizer, and Helen Keller), and a leader in the history of social work and women’s suffrage. In 1931, she became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1889, along with her lover, Ellen Gates Starr, she co-founded Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago, for poor women from the meatpacking district. Eventually, the house became home to 25 women and was visited weekly by around 2,000 others. It became a center for research, study and debate. Members were bound by their commitment to the labor and suffrage movements. The facilities included a doctor to provide medical treatment for poor families, gym, adult night school and a girls’ club. The adult night school became a model for the continuing education classes that occur today.<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/janeaddams" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#janeaddams</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/hullhouse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#hullhouse</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/aclu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#aclu</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#IWW</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/NobelPrize" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NobelPrize</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/feminism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#feminism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/lgbtq" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lgbtq</a>

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